At this rate, YouTube – with more than one billion viewing hours a day – would consume more than 600 TWh a year (2.5% of global electricity use), which would be more than the electricity used globally by all data centres ( ~200 TWh) and data transmission networks ( ~250 TWh).
With 167 million Netflix subscribers watching an average of two hours per day, the corrected Shift Project figures imply that Netflix streaming consumes around 94 terawatt hours (TWh) per year, which is 200-times larger than figures reported by Netflix ( 0.45TWh in 2019).Īnother recent claim on Channel 4 Dispatches estimated that 7bn YouTube views of a 2017 hit song – “ Despacito”, by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee, featuring Justin Beiber – had consumed 900 gigawatt hours (GWh) of electricity, or 1.66 kWh per viewing hour. The corrected figures imply that one hour of Netflix consumes 0.8 kWh. This is enough to drive a Tesla Model S more than 30km, power an LED lightbulb constantly for a month, or boil a kettle once a day for nearly three months. Looking at electricity consumption alone, the original Shift Project figures imply that one hour of Netflix consumes 6.1 kilowatt hours (kWh) of electricity. However, because the energy efficiency of data centres and networks is improving rapidly – doubling every couple of years – energy use and emissions from streaming today should be substantially lower. Emissions from operations – comparable in scope to the Shift Project analysis – accounted for only 0.36kgCO2e per hour. That 2014 study found streaming in the US in 2011 emitted 0.42kgCO2e per hour on a lifecycle basis, including “embodied” emissions from manufacture and disposal of infrastructure and devices. For a given amount, different greenhouse gases trap different amounts of heat in the atmosphere, a quantity known as… Read More The Shift Project’s original “3.2kgCO2 per hour” estimate is around eight times higher than a 2014 peer-reviewed study on the energy and emissions impacts of streaming video, while their “corrected” estimate of 0.4kgCO2 per hour is similar to the 2014 peer-reviewed study.ĬO 2 equivalent: Greenhouse gases can be expressed in terms of carbon dioxide equivalent, or CO2eq.
The Shift Project published a follow-up article in June 2020 to correct a bit/byte conversion error, revising the original “1.6kg per half hour” quote downwards by 8-fold to 0.2kg per half hour. The report said streaming was responsible for more than 300m tonnes of CO2 (MtCO2) in 2018, equivalent to emissions from France. The figures come from a July 2019 report by the Shift Project, a French thinktank, on the “unsustainable and growing impact” of online video. Misleading mediaĪ number of recent media articles, including in the New York Post, CBC, Yahoo, DW, Gizmodo, and BigThink, have repeated a claim that “the emissions generated by watching 30 minutes of Netflix is the same as driving almost 4 miles”. The updated charts and comparisons also include the corrected values published by The Shift Project in June 2020, as well as other recent estimates quoted by the media. As a result, the central IEA estimate for one hour of streaming video in 2019 is now 36gCO2, down from 82gCO2 in the original analysis published in February 2020.
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Update : The energy intensity figures for data centres and data transmission networks have been updated to reflect more recent data and research. But slowing efficiency gains, rebound effects and new demands from emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, raise increasing concerns about the overall environmental impacts of the sector over the coming decades. The relatively low climate impact of streaming video today is thanks to rapid improvements in the energy efficiency of data centres, networks and devices. These exaggerate the actual climate impact by up to 90-times. Yet, contrary to a slew of recent misleading media coverage, the climate impacts of streaming video remain relatively modest, particularly compared to other activities and sectors.ĭrawing on analysis at the International Energy Agency (IEA) and other credible sources, we expose the flawed assumptions in one widely reported estimate of the emissions from watching 30 minutes of Netflix. These services are associated with energy use and carbon emissions from devices, network infrastructure and data centres.
The use of streaming video is growing exponentially around the world.
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